Should you invest in a franchise or buy an established business?

Starting a business from scratch can be exciting but challenging. For many aspiring entrepreneurs, buying an existing business or investing in a franchise provides a simpler path to ownership. Both options offer established structures and guidance, but they differ in how much control, support, and risk you take on. Understanding the differences and knowing what to evaluate can help you make a smarter decision.

Franchises offer guidance but less control

A franchise allows an entrepreneur, called the franchisee, to operate a business under the brand, logo, and system of an existing company, known as the franchisor. Common industries for franchising include restaurants, hotels, and service-oriented businesses. Franchises come in two main forms:

• Product or trade name franchising: The franchisor owns the trademark or brand and sells the rights to use it. Products are typically supplied by the franchisor, who maintains control over quality and supply chain management.
• Business format franchising: The franchisor provides a full operational system, often including training, site selection, marketing, and support in obtaining funding.

Buying a franchise offers the benefits of brand recognition, established marketing, and operational guidance. However, franchisees must follow the rules set by the franchisor, which limits flexibility in how the business is run.

Buying an existing business offers control but less guidance

Buying an existing business means taking over full ownership, including assets, employees, and customer base. This option allows you to control the business’s direction and make independent strategic decisions. Existing businesses often come with established operating procedures, trained staff, and proven cash flow, reducing the uncertainty of a startup.

The downside is that you receive less structured guidance. Without a set franchise system, you’ll need to assess and adjust operations yourself. Business performance can suffer if new owners do not understand or manage the existing infrastructure effectively.

Three factors to consider before deciding

Before committing to a franchise or existing business, consider the following:

1. Quantify your investment: Determine how much capital you are willing to spend on the purchase and ongoing operations. Your budget will guide what types of businesses or franchises are viable.
2. Assess your talents and lifestyle: Consider your experience, skills, and work preferences. Franchise systems often appeal to those seeking guidance, while experienced entrepreneurs may thrive buying an independent business.
3. Review the business landscape: Investigate existing contracts, leases, cash flow, and inventory. The more informed you are, the better your chances of success.

Choosing the right opportunity

Once you’ve decided between a franchise and an existing business, evaluate specific opportunities carefully. Conduct due diligence to understand both financial and operational aspects.

For franchises, review:

• Uniform Franchise Offering Circulars (UFOCs): These documents provide details about the franchise’s legal, financial, and personnel history.
• Rules and regulations: Confirm your rights to the brand, trademarks, and territory. Understand what training, support, and marketing assistance you’ll receive.
• Contracts: Review obligations regarding sales quotas, required purchases, and operational guidelines.

For existing businesses, review:

• Licenses and permits: Verify that all necessary permits and licenses are in place or can be obtained.
• Zoning and environmental requirements: Ensure the business location complies with all local regulations.
• Business valuation: Common valuation methods include the capitalized earnings approach, excess earnings method, cash flow method, tangible asset evaluation, and intangible asset value assessment.

Preparing to purchase

Before finalizing a purchase, conduct a thorough investigation of the business or franchise. Hiring professional help is recommended. An attorney specializing in franchise law or business acquisitions can review contracts, tax considerations, and legal obligations. An accountant can help determine operational costs, estimate potential profits, and validate financial statements.

Together, professionals can assist with documents such as:

• Letters of intent
• Confidentiality agreements
• Contracts and leases
• Financial statements and tax returns
• Sales agreements and purchase price adjustments

By taking the time to evaluate each opportunity carefully and seeking expert guidance, aspiring entrepreneurs can make informed decisions, whether choosing the structured support of a franchise or the independence of an existing business.