Federal Reserve moves to mitigate economic slowdown, rate cut approved

The Federal Reserve on Wednesday approved a widely anticipated quarter-point cut to its benchmark overnight lending rate, lowering it to a range of 4.00%-4.25%, and indicated that two more reductions could come before the end of the year. The move reflects growing concerns over a slowing labor market, even as inflation remains elevated.

In an 11-to-1 vote, newly appointed Governor Stephen Miran disagreed, calling for a larger half-point reduction, while Governors Michelle Bowman and Christopher Waller supported the quarter-point cut alongside the rest of the committee. The decision highlighted some debate within the Fed, though most analysts had expected little dissent.

Federal Reserve officials described the rate cut as a form of risk management aimed at addressing the unusual softness in the labor market. They noted that both the supply of and demand for workers have slowed, elevating downside risks to employment while keeping inflation concerns in view.

The Fed’s post-meeting “dot plot,” which shows individual policymakers’ expectations, indicates a majority forecasting two more rate cuts this year, though opinions vary. Nine participants projected just one additional cut, ten saw two, and one opposed any reductions, including Wednesday’s. The plot also shows one cut in 2026 and another in 2027 as officials approach a long-run neutral rate of 3%.

Markets reacted with volatility, with stocks mixed and Treasury products falling on short-duration bonds but rising elsewhere. Economists characterized the Fed’s action as a proactive effort to manage economic risks rather than a minor adjustment.

Economic data show moderate growth, but job creation has slowed, and the unemployment rate reached 4.3% in August, the highest since October 2021. Officials cited this softening labor market as a key factor driving the decision and the expectation of further cuts.

The meeting occurred amid heightened political scrutiny. Notably, President Donald Trump advocated for faster and deeper interest rate cuts, and Miran is viewed as supportive of the president’s preference for lower rates. Additionally, a court has blocked Trump’s attempt to remove Governor Lisa Cook, adding further uncertainty to the Federal Reserve’s decision-making process.